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We're on the home stretch for 20th Century history now! We've only got from 1981-2000 left. Let's dive in in the usual way:
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HISTORICAL SYNOPSIS and ICONS:
.81 = HIVE (which looks like the word HIV, and it produces something edible, which reminds us of the only edible way of getting HIV)
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In 1981, The Center's for Disease Control (in the US) began identifying a new plague that would become known as AIDS. It first appeared as a rare form of Pneumonia called PCP for Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia. When people began to not respond to normal treatment for PCP and died of it the medical community began to look for a cause. That cause would eventually be identified in later years as HIV.
In 1981, The Center's for Disease Control (in the US) began identifying a new plague that would become known as AIDS. It first appeared as a rare form of Pneumonia called PCP for Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia. When people began to not respond to normal treatment for PCP and died of it the medical community began to look for a cause. That cause would eventually be identified in later years as HIV.
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IRONICALLY, just as this plague began, the World Health Organization (WHO) voted overwhelming to discourage the use of baby formula in developing countries because of possible contamination with dirty water. We know now however, that if a mother has HIV, she does not pass it to her baby in the womb, but she does pass it to her baby in breast feeding.
IRONICALLY, just as this plague began, the World Health Organization (WHO) voted overwhelming to discourage the use of baby formula in developing countries because of possible contamination with dirty water. We know now however, that if a mother has HIV, she does not pass it to her baby in the womb, but she does pass it to her baby in breast feeding.
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82 = FALCON (which sounds fairly similar to the word "Falkland" for the British Falkland islands that were invaded by Argentina in 1982)
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82 = FALCON (which sounds fairly similar to the word "Falkland" for the British Falkland islands that were invaded by Argentina in 1982)
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Even with Security Council action, fighting continued between Argentina and Britain until a cease-fire was signed in June. Oddly, in spite of the minimal population on the islands (less than 2,000 people spread out on over 200 tiny little islands), the UN investigated their progress toward independence from Britain. If I was British, living on a tiny freezing island, I sure won't want to be made independent. It seems like their should be a size limit on independence and that one lone person on a desert island would not qualify.
Even with Security Council action, fighting continued between Argentina and Britain until a cease-fire was signed in June. Oddly, in spite of the minimal population on the islands (less than 2,000 people spread out on over 200 tiny little islands), the UN investigated their progress toward independence from Britain. If I was British, living on a tiny freezing island, I sure won't want to be made independent. It seems like their should be a size limit on independence and that one lone person on a desert island would not qualify.
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83 = Shoulder Rocket Launcher (for the bombing at the US Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon and for the Korean Passenger Plane that was shot down over the USSR--I could imagine both of these explosions coming from a shoulder head rocket launder).
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83 = Shoulder Rocket Launcher (for the bombing at the US Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon and for the Korean Passenger Plane that was shot down over the USSR--I could imagine both of these explosions coming from a shoulder head rocket launder).
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The Security Council met in September of 1983 to consider the shooting down by the USSR of a passenger aircraft belonging to the Republic of Korea; a draft resolution on the incident was not adopted owing to the negative vote of a permanent Council member, the USSR. (See also PART TWO, Chapter X.) In Korea, the United Nations Command continued to monitor the 1953 Armistice Agreement between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea.
The Security Council met in September of 1983 to consider the shooting down by the USSR of a passenger aircraft belonging to the Republic of Korea; a draft resolution on the incident was not adopted owing to the negative vote of a permanent Council member, the USSR. (See also PART TWO, Chapter X.) In Korea, the United Nations Command continued to monitor the 1953 Armistice Agreement between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea.
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84 = Indian Salwar Kameez (This traditional conservative Indian outfight of a skirt over pants reminds me of the Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, who was assassinated in 1984. Furthermore, Salwar looks like "Salt War" which reminds me about the original Gandhi's famous original protest against the British over Salt taxes in which he publicly walked hundreds of miles on foot to the beach to collect his own salt. Also, Kameez sounds like the beginning of Camiseta, which is Spanish for shirt--and this is indeed the upper body part of the outfit. Indira Gandhi is an easy name to remember because of Gandhi's fame and because Indira looks the world "India" and sounds like the word "endearing.")
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84 = Indian Salwar Kameez (This traditional conservative Indian outfight of a skirt over pants reminds me of the Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, who was assassinated in 1984. Furthermore, Salwar looks like "Salt War" which reminds me about the original Gandhi's famous original protest against the British over Salt taxes in which he publicly walked hundreds of miles on foot to the beach to collect his own salt. Also, Kameez sounds like the beginning of Camiseta, which is Spanish for shirt--and this is indeed the upper body part of the outfit. Indira Gandhi is an easy name to remember because of Gandhi's fame and because Indira looks the world "India" and sounds like the word "endearing.")
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Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India, was assassinated on 31 October 1984. She was killed by two of her Sikh bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh, to avenge the military attack on the Harmandir Sahib (Sikhism's holiest shrine, also called "The Golden Temple") during Operation Blue Star. There is nothing in the United Nations Yearbook for 1984 mentioning any comments on the Prime Minister or the Sikh people in Indian--so it appears that the UN did not involve itself at all in this issue of domestic ethic strife. If you find out otherwise, please let me know!
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85: Ethiopian Bread Injera (If you haven't had this slightly sour, thin, spongy, pancake like bread, covered in delicious spices, vegetables, and meats, try it--it's amazing! It is a traditional Ethiopian food served at Ethiopian restaurants in the U.S.--however, in 1985, the UN had to help get grain to the Ethiopians because they were starving in a terrible famine.)
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The UN was extremely active in helping to alliviate suffering during the famine from the very first day of 1985 and throughout the year. The Secretary-General added his concern for the vast majority of the 30 million Africans who had suffered from an unprecedented drought, and assured that the United Nations would continue to play a central role in international humanitarian co-operation (see p. 11). To deal more effectively with the situation, the Secretary-General established a United Nations Office for Emergency Operations in Africa (OEOA)—effective 1 January 1985—to co-ordinate and provide assistance to help ensure a broad yet concentrated international response to the continuing drought-related crisis in sub-Saharan Africa.
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86: Nuclear Cooling Tower (In 1986, the world faced the first major nuclear power disaster, the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident in the USSR--coolant fails during this process, so I visualize the cooling tower of a nuclear plant for my icon here--click on the image to see it's full size.)
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87: Hairspray (In 1987 there was a huge UN Treaty called the Montreal Protocol on the environment focused on the Ozone Layer's destruction, which was being caused by hairspray among other things. If you look closely at this image, notice some of the spray is getting on China, imagine our blue elephant standing on top of the great wall trying not to get sticky wet with it, 50 + 37 = 1987, and presto! you've glued this into your memory bank.)
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88: Turban (There were a lot of military issues around the globe with Islamic extremists -- there was military action involving Afghanistan, Iran, and Libya. The Afghan Taliban defeated the Russians in this year, and they began to withdrawal their troops. A lot of the people in these countries wear turbans, so a turban will help remind me of this year.)
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The UN welcomed the withdrawal of Russia from occupied territory.
The UN welcomed the withdrawal of Russia from occupied territory.
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89: Brick (Lots of people took home bricks from the Berlin Wall that was dismantled during this year--what more perfect icon could we have?)
89: Brick (Lots of people took home bricks from the Berlin Wall that was dismantled during this year--what more perfect icon could we have?)
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The UN welcomed the liberation of East Germany.
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90: Leg Irons (The South African Apartheid Regime started to crack us as Russia was too--in 1990 they release Nelson Mandela from prison. I imagine they locked up prisoners in semi-torturous conditions in South Africa at that time, so I picture leg irons for this icon.)
.90: Leg Irons (The South African Apartheid Regime started to crack us as Russia was too--in 1990 they release Nelson Mandela from prison. I imagine they locked up prisoners in semi-torturous conditions in South Africa at that time, so I picture leg irons for this icon.)
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The UN welcomed the release of Nelson Mandela, but insisted all the others be released too.
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LAYING THE MEMORY RAILROAD TRACKS:
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Welcome BLUE ELEPHANT in China!
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50 (el) + 31 (pumpkin) = hive.
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When the blue elephant EL walks up to a row of candle-lit jack-o-lanterns in the cool blue morning air blowing off the giant reservoir, she notices that one unlit pumpkin shell has bees flying around it, and it's full of honey! They've made it a hive. She then takes the honey from the hive and tries to find Dumbo to give him a taste.
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50 (el) + 32 (ice) = Falcon
50 (el) + 32 (ice) = Falcon
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Before El leaves the area though, she walks down to a little ice-filled puddle by the shore that she dips her trunk in to cool the sting were one of the bees zapped her. While she does this she puts the honeycomb on her back, but that was a mistake. A falcon see it flying overhead, and he dives down on her like a rock and snatches the honeycomb away.
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50 (el) + 33 (prayer beads) = Shoulder Rocket Launcher
50 (el) + 33 (prayer beads) = Shoulder Rocket Launcher
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El has had enough of the falcon's stealth bombing however, and she is ready. Out of her pouch hanging around her neck, she pulls out a string of beads and a rocket launcher. She attaches the beads to the end of the rocket, aims, and fires perfectly. The rocket shots right buy him wiping the beads right into the honeycomb making him drop it. She then catches the honeycomb handily.
El has had enough of the falcon's stealth bombing however, and she is ready. Out of her pouch hanging around her neck, she pulls out a string of beads and a rocket launcher. She attaches the beads to the end of the rocket, aims, and fires perfectly. The rocket shots right buy him wiping the beads right into the honeycomb making him drop it. She then catches the honeycomb handily.
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50 (el) + 34 (toothbrush) = Salwar Kameez
50 (el) + 34 (toothbrush) = Salwar Kameez
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After all that vigorous work, EL feels she needs to freshen up to start the day properly, so she brushes her teeth with a tooth brush, washes her back, and puts on a nice Salwar Kameez to go to breakfast in.
After all that vigorous work, EL feels she needs to freshen up to start the day properly, so she brushes her teeth with a tooth brush, washes her back, and puts on a nice Salwar Kameez to go to breakfast in.
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50 (el) + 35 (wig) = Ethiopian Bread Injera
50 (el) + 35 (wig) = Ethiopian Bread Injera
When El gets to the breakfast table she finds Dumbo already playing dress up with her by wearing his own blond wig of hay on his head as he scarfs down a delicious dish of Injera and spiced vegetables. "Hey Mom!" he says, "isn't it great we don't have to eat hay since we have Injera instead! I'd rather wear the hay on my head!"
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50 (el) + 36 (helicopter) = Nuclear Cooling Tower
50 (el) + 36 (helicopter) = Nuclear Cooling Tower
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Just then, however, and little flying remote controlled helicopter comes racing at there picnic table trying to steal their food for someone else, so they grab everything and run all the way to the back of the Nuclear Cooling Tower. There Mama El pushes a release button just as the helicopter is flying overhead, and boom! as huge could of steam shoots up around the helicopter flipping it upside down and making it crash on the ground in a little explosion.
Just then, however, and little flying remote controlled helicopter comes racing at there picnic table trying to steal their food for someone else, so they grab everything and run all the way to the back of the Nuclear Cooling Tower. There Mama El pushes a release button just as the helicopter is flying overhead, and boom! as huge could of steam shoots up around the helicopter flipping it upside down and making it crash on the ground in a little explosion.
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50 (el) + 37 (Great Wall) = Hair spray
50 (el) + 37 (Great Wall) = Hair spray
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Before anyone else bothers them, El and Dumbo decide to get back home to their little hut on the side of the Great Wall. When the get there, Dumbo's hay wig is falling apart, so they grab a can of hairspray off a rack they have on the wall, and they spray his hay hair in place.
Before anyone else bothers them, El and Dumbo decide to get back home to their little hut on the side of the Great Wall. When the get there, Dumbo's hay wig is falling apart, so they grab a can of hairspray off a rack they have on the wall, and they spray his hay hair in place.
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50 (el) + 38 (Boots) = Turban
50 (el) + 38 (Boots) = Turban
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Then they feel the ground shaking and hear the marching of thousands of heavy soldier boots on the ground on the other side of the wall, so they climb up to the top to see what is happening. There below they see and arm of men wearing heavy boots and pig white turbans that hide their faces.
Then they feel the ground shaking and hear the marching of thousands of heavy soldier boots on the ground on the other side of the wall, so they climb up to the top to see what is happening. There below they see and arm of men wearing heavy boots and pig white turbans that hide their faces.
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50 (el) + 39 (Tank) = Brick
50 (el) + 39 (Tank) = Brick
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Then a Tank drives up through the crowd of soldiers and blasts a hole through the wall leaving a pile of bricks around the new whole.
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50 (el) + 40 (Pears) = Leg Irons
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Then the Tank Commander comes out of the tank and yells out, "listen, you better give us all the Pears you have saved up in your hut or we're coming in, and then we'll lock you up in these Leg Irons if we see you've held back any pears from us. Dumbo flies down then with his mother's permission, grabs their secret stash of pears, and piles it up on the broken bricks just outside the whole in the wall. The soldiers take them and move on.
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EXTRA SOURCE NOTES for dedicated FACT FINDERS:
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1981 -- Hive
1981 -- Hive
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New Plague Identified as AIDS (which is caused by HIV)
New Plague Identified as AIDS (which is caused by HIV)
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Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) was a rare form of relatively benign cancer that tended to occur in older people. But by March 1981 at least eight cases of a more aggressive form of KS had occurred amongst young gay men in New York.
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At about the same time there was an increase, in both California and New York, in the number of cases of a rare lung infection Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) In April this increase in PCP was noticed at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta. A drug technician, Sandra Ford, observed a high number of requests for the drug pentamine, used in the treatment of PCP:
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"A doctor was treating a gay man in his 20s who had pneumonia. Two weeks later, he called to ask for a refill of a rare drug that I handled. This was unusual - nobody ever asked for a refill. Patients usually were cured in one 10-day treatment or they died" Sandra Ford for Newsweek
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In June, the CDC published a report about the occurrence, without identifiable cause, of PCP in five men in Los Angeles. This report is sometimes referred to as the "beginning" of AIDS, but it might be more accurate to describe it as the beginning of the general awareness of AIDS in the USA.
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A few days later, following these reports of PCP and other rare life-threatening opportunistic infections, the CDC formed a Task Force on Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (KSOI).
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Around this time a number of theories emerged about the possible cause of these opportunistic infections and cancers. Early theories included infection with cytomegalovirus, the use of amyl nitrite or butyl nitrate 'poppers', and 'immune overload'.
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Because there was so little known about the transmission of what seemed to be a new disease, there was concern about contagion, and whether the disease could by passed on by people who had no apparent signs or symptoms. Knowledge about the disease was changing so quickly that certain assumptions made at this time were shown to be unfounded just a few months later. For example, in July 1981 Dr Curran of the CDC was reported as follows:
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"Dr. Curran said there was no apparent danger to non homosexuals from contagion. 'The best evidence against contagion', he said, 'is that no cases have been reported to date outside the homosexual community or in women'" The New York Times
.
Just five months later, in December 1981, it was clear that the disease affected other population groups, when the first cases of PCP were reported in injecting drug users. At the same time the first case of AIDS was documented in the UK.
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http://www.britannica.com/
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Look back at the Britannica Calendar of Events to find out what happened in the year 1981:
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May 21, 1981 - The World Health Organization (WHO) voted overwhelmingly that the use of baby formulas be discouraged in third world countries. The vote was 118-1, with the U.S. casting the only dissenting vote; Argentina, Japan, and South Korea abstained. According to one estimate, the use of baby formulas had contributed to perhaps one million infant deaths a year, often because the formulas were prepared with contaminated water or given to infants in unsterilized bottles. The WHO recommendation, which was presented as an international code of ethics, discouraged the marketing and advertising of baby formulas (except in "legitimate" cases) in favour of breast-feeding. The U.S. defended its vote on various grounds, but two of its senior officials at the Agency for International Development resigned to protest the U.S. stand. (source: The Britannica Archive)
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1982 -- Falcon
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http://history1900s.about.com/
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Falkland Islands Invaded by Argentina
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http://unyearbook.un.org/
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In April 1982, Argentina and the United Kingdom alerted the Security Council to a deteriorating situation in the South Atlantic, where a dispute concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) resulted in an outbreak of armed hostilities between the two countries. Despite Security Council action, intensive negotiations by the Secretary-General and mediation efforts by individual countries, fighting lasted until the military commanders of both sides signed a cease-fire agreement in mid-June. On 4 November, the General Assembly requested the two parties to resume negotiations towards a peaceful solution of their sovereignty dispute and requested the Secretary-General to undertake a renewed mission of good offices to assist them in that task.(2) The Falkland Islands (Malvinas), consisting of two large islands (East Falkland and West Falkland) and some 200 smaller ones with a total area of about 12,000 square kilometres, lie in the South Atlantic, some 772 kilometres north-east of Cape Horn. The Falkland Islands (Malvinas) dependencies consist of South Georgia, situated about 1,300 kilometres east-south-east of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) group, and the uninhabited South Sandwich Islands, some 756 kilometres east-south-east of South Georgia. At the census held in December 1980, the population of the Territory, excluding the dependencies, numbered 1,813, of whom just over 1,000 lived in Stanley, the capital on East Falkland. The extent of progress towards self-determination and independence in other individual Non-Self- Governing Territories was again examined in 1982 by the General Assembly and its Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples.
.
Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) was a rare form of relatively benign cancer that tended to occur in older people. But by March 1981 at least eight cases of a more aggressive form of KS had occurred amongst young gay men in New York.
.
At about the same time there was an increase, in both California and New York, in the number of cases of a rare lung infection Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) In April this increase in PCP was noticed at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta. A drug technician, Sandra Ford, observed a high number of requests for the drug pentamine, used in the treatment of PCP:
.
"A doctor was treating a gay man in his 20s who had pneumonia. Two weeks later, he called to ask for a refill of a rare drug that I handled. This was unusual - nobody ever asked for a refill. Patients usually were cured in one 10-day treatment or they died" Sandra Ford for Newsweek
.
In June, the CDC published a report about the occurrence, without identifiable cause, of PCP in five men in Los Angeles. This report is sometimes referred to as the "beginning" of AIDS, but it might be more accurate to describe it as the beginning of the general awareness of AIDS in the USA.
.
A few days later, following these reports of PCP and other rare life-threatening opportunistic infections, the CDC formed a Task Force on Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (KSOI).
.
Around this time a number of theories emerged about the possible cause of these opportunistic infections and cancers. Early theories included infection with cytomegalovirus, the use of amyl nitrite or butyl nitrate 'poppers', and 'immune overload'.
.
Because there was so little known about the transmission of what seemed to be a new disease, there was concern about contagion, and whether the disease could by passed on by people who had no apparent signs or symptoms. Knowledge about the disease was changing so quickly that certain assumptions made at this time were shown to be unfounded just a few months later. For example, in July 1981 Dr Curran of the CDC was reported as follows:
.
"Dr. Curran said there was no apparent danger to non homosexuals from contagion. 'The best evidence against contagion', he said, 'is that no cases have been reported to date outside the homosexual community or in women'" The New York Times
.
Just five months later, in December 1981, it was clear that the disease affected other population groups, when the first cases of PCP were reported in injecting drug users. At the same time the first case of AIDS was documented in the UK.
.
http://www.britannica.com/
.
Look back at the Britannica Calendar of Events to find out what happened in the year 1981:
.
May 21, 1981 - The World Health Organization (WHO) voted overwhelmingly that the use of baby formulas be discouraged in third world countries. The vote was 118-1, with the U.S. casting the only dissenting vote; Argentina, Japan, and South Korea abstained. According to one estimate, the use of baby formulas had contributed to perhaps one million infant deaths a year, often because the formulas were prepared with contaminated water or given to infants in unsterilized bottles. The WHO recommendation, which was presented as an international code of ethics, discouraged the marketing and advertising of baby formulas (except in "legitimate" cases) in favour of breast-feeding. The U.S. defended its vote on various grounds, but two of its senior officials at the Agency for International Development resigned to protest the U.S. stand. (source: The Britannica Archive)
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1982 -- Falcon
.
http://history1900s.about.com/
.
Falkland Islands Invaded by Argentina
.
http://unyearbook.un.org/
.
In April 1982, Argentina and the United Kingdom alerted the Security Council to a deteriorating situation in the South Atlantic, where a dispute concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) resulted in an outbreak of armed hostilities between the two countries. Despite Security Council action, intensive negotiations by the Secretary-General and mediation efforts by individual countries, fighting lasted until the military commanders of both sides signed a cease-fire agreement in mid-June. On 4 November, the General Assembly requested the two parties to resume negotiations towards a peaceful solution of their sovereignty dispute and requested the Secretary-General to undertake a renewed mission of good offices to assist them in that task.(2) The Falkland Islands (Malvinas), consisting of two large islands (East Falkland and West Falkland) and some 200 smaller ones with a total area of about 12,000 square kilometres, lie in the South Atlantic, some 772 kilometres north-east of Cape Horn. The Falkland Islands (Malvinas) dependencies consist of South Georgia, situated about 1,300 kilometres east-south-east of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) group, and the uninhabited South Sandwich Islands, some 756 kilometres east-south-east of South Georgia. At the census held in December 1980, the population of the Territory, excluding the dependencies, numbered 1,813, of whom just over 1,000 lived in Stanley, the capital on East Falkland. The extent of progress towards self-determination and independence in other individual Non-Self- Governing Territories was again examined in 1982 by the General Assembly and its Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples.
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1983 -- Shoulder Rocket Launcher
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http://history1900s.about.com/
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U.S. Embassy in Beirut is Bombed
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Soviets Shoot Down a Korean Airliner
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218 Political and security questions
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Chapter VII
Asia and the Pacific
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Several areas of international tension in Asia and the Pacific occupied the attention of the United Nations during 1983. The Security Council met in September to consider the shooting down by the USSR of a passenger aircraft belonging to the Republic of Korea; a draft resolution on the incident was not adopted owing to the negative vote of a permanent Council member, the USSR. (See also PART TWO, Chapter X.) In Korea, the United Nations Command continued to monitor the 1953 Armistice Agreement between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea.
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1984 -- Indian Salwar Kameez
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Indira Gandhi, India's Prime Minister, Killed by Two Bodyguards
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1985 -- Ethiopian Bread Injera
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Famine in Ethiopia
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December 1984
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Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar sets up a UN office for Emergency Operations in Africa to help coordinate famine relief efforts.
.
http://unyearbook.un.org/
.
Of particular concern was the critical economic situation in Africa, compounded by a prolonged drought, accelerating desertification and other disasters. The Secretary-General added his concern for the vast majority of the 30 million Africans who had suffered from an unprecedented drought, and assured that the United Nations
would continue to play a central role in international humanitarian co-operation (see p. 11). To deal more effectively with the situation, the Secretary-General established a United Nations Office for Emergency Operations in Africa
(OEOA)—effective 1 January 1985—to co-ordinate and provide assistance to help ensure a broad yet concentrated international response to the continuing drought-related crisis in sub-Saharan Africa. In March, he convened, at Geneva, an International Conference on the Emergency Situation in Africa, followed by consultations in order to direct the general commitments made at the Conference to specific needs of individual countries. Addressing the economic crisis in sub-Saharan Africa, the Committee for Development Planning (CDP), which met in New York in April 1985 (see p. 410), called on the international community to supplement the policy reform efforts of African Governments in order to rehabilitate seriously affected African countries and resume their
economic growth. The Committee stressed that international assistance was crucial and urgent in sub-Saharan Africa.
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1986 -- Nuclear Plant Dome
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Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
.
International Atomic Energy Agency 1101
.
Chapter I
.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Activities ofthe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were influenced by the accident at the Chernobyl on 26 April 1986, which underscored the international dimension of nuclear safety. The event gave the world its first real encounter with a severe nuclear power plant accident. Until then, nuclear power plants world-wide had, over three decades, accumulated some 4,000 reactor years of good safety and environmental records; the 1979 accident at Three Mile Island in the United States had involved no
injuries or significant releases of radioactivity to the environment.
.
Within months of the Chernobyl accident, IAEA gathered almost 600 of the world's leading nuclear power experts for a post-accident review meeting (Vienna, 25-29 August). That forum enabled Soviet specialists to report on the problems at Chernobyl and gave the experts the opportunity to exchange views on future action.
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In September, two international conventions, one on early notification of a nuclear accident and the second on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency, which had been drafted by a 62-member governmental expert group (Vienna, 21 July-15 August), were adopted by the IAEA General Conference at a special session (Vienna, 24-26 September). The convention on early notification entered into force on 27 October 1986.
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1987 -- Hairspray
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September 1987
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Efforts of UNEP lead to the signing of the Treaty on the Protection of the Ozone Layer -known as the Montreal Protocol -a follow-up to the 1985 Vienna Convention on the Ozone Layer.
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http://unyearbook.un.org/
.
660 Economic and social questions
.
Chapter XV
.
http://history1900s.about.com/
.
U.S. Embassy in Beirut is Bombed
.
Soviets Shoot Down a Korean Airliner
.
218 Political and security questions
.
Chapter VII
Asia and the Pacific
.
Several areas of international tension in Asia and the Pacific occupied the attention of the United Nations during 1983. The Security Council met in September to consider the shooting down by the USSR of a passenger aircraft belonging to the Republic of Korea; a draft resolution on the incident was not adopted owing to the negative vote of a permanent Council member, the USSR. (See also PART TWO, Chapter X.) In Korea, the United Nations Command continued to monitor the 1953 Armistice Agreement between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea.
.
1984 -- Indian Salwar Kameez
.
Indira Gandhi, India's Prime Minister, Killed by Two Bodyguards
.
1985 -- Ethiopian Bread Injera
.
Famine in Ethiopia
.
December 1984
.
Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar sets up a UN office for Emergency Operations in Africa to help coordinate famine relief efforts.
.
http://unyearbook.un.org/
.
Of particular concern was the critical economic situation in Africa, compounded by a prolonged drought, accelerating desertification and other disasters. The Secretary-General added his concern for the vast majority of the 30 million Africans who had suffered from an unprecedented drought, and assured that the United Nations
would continue to play a central role in international humanitarian co-operation (see p. 11). To deal more effectively with the situation, the Secretary-General established a United Nations Office for Emergency Operations in Africa
(OEOA)—effective 1 January 1985—to co-ordinate and provide assistance to help ensure a broad yet concentrated international response to the continuing drought-related crisis in sub-Saharan Africa. In March, he convened, at Geneva, an International Conference on the Emergency Situation in Africa, followed by consultations in order to direct the general commitments made at the Conference to specific needs of individual countries. Addressing the economic crisis in sub-Saharan Africa, the Committee for Development Planning (CDP), which met in New York in April 1985 (see p. 410), called on the international community to supplement the policy reform efforts of African Governments in order to rehabilitate seriously affected African countries and resume their
economic growth. The Committee stressed that international assistance was crucial and urgent in sub-Saharan Africa.
.
1986 -- Nuclear Plant Dome
.
Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
.
International Atomic Energy Agency 1101
.
Chapter I
.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Activities ofthe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were influenced by the accident at the Chernobyl on 26 April 1986, which underscored the international dimension of nuclear safety. The event gave the world its first real encounter with a severe nuclear power plant accident. Until then, nuclear power plants world-wide had, over three decades, accumulated some 4,000 reactor years of good safety and environmental records; the 1979 accident at Three Mile Island in the United States had involved no
injuries or significant releases of radioactivity to the environment.
.
Within months of the Chernobyl accident, IAEA gathered almost 600 of the world's leading nuclear power experts for a post-accident review meeting (Vienna, 25-29 August). That forum enabled Soviet specialists to report on the problems at Chernobyl and gave the experts the opportunity to exchange views on future action.
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In September, two international conventions, one on early notification of a nuclear accident and the second on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency, which had been drafted by a 62-member governmental expert group (Vienna, 21 July-15 August), were adopted by the IAEA General Conference at a special session (Vienna, 24-26 September). The convention on early notification entered into force on 27 October 1986.
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1987 -- Hairspray
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September 1987
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Efforts of UNEP lead to the signing of the Treaty on the Protection of the Ozone Layer -known as the Montreal Protocol -a follow-up to the 1985 Vienna Convention on the Ozone Layer.
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http://unyearbook.un.org/
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660 Economic and social questions
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Chapter XV
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Environment
There was rapid and world-wide recognition in 1987 that environmental problems, among them the depletion of the ozone layer, global warming and desertification, called for urgent action by the international community. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) continued its efforts to protect the Earth's environment. In September, 24 countries and the European Economic Community signed the Montreal Protocol a co-operative achievement of Governments, the international community and UNEP to protect the human race from adverse environmental effects caused by man.
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1988 -- Turban
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3 things:
Soviets begin Afghan withdraw
Pan Am Flight 103 Is Bombed Over Lockerbie
U.S. Shoots Down Iranian Airliner
Environment
There was rapid and world-wide recognition in 1987 that environmental problems, among them the depletion of the ozone layer, global warming and desertification, called for urgent action by the international community. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) continued its efforts to protect the Earth's environment. In September, 24 countries and the European Economic Community signed the Montreal Protocol a co-operative achievement of Governments, the international community and UNEP to protect the human race from adverse environmental effects caused by man.
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1988 -- Turban
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3 things:
Soviets begin Afghan withdraw
Pan Am Flight 103 Is Bombed Over Lockerbie
U.S. Shoots Down Iranian Airliner
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Chapter III
Asia and the Pacific
During 1988, intensified diplomatic activity resulted in major breakthroughs in the conflicts between Iran and Iraq, in Afghanistan and in Kampuchea. In April, Agreements on the Settlement of the Situation Relating to Afghanistan were signed at Geneva and United Nations military observers were sent to monitor the situation. Describing the Agreements as a major step towards a peaceful solution to the situation in Afghanistan, the Secretary-General said that their full implementation in good faith by all the signatories would serve the goal of regional and world peace. In August, a United Nations-sponsored ceasefire went into effect in the eight-year Iran-Iraq war, followed by direct talks between the parties under the Secretary-General's auspices. United Nations military observers began overseeing the cease-fire and the withdrawal of forces to internationally recognized boundaries. During the year, the Security Council again condemned the use of chemical weapons in the war, and decided to consider appropriate action should there be any such future use. It again stressed rapid implementation of its resolution 598(1987) as the only basis for a settlement of the conflict. It made that statement after considering the downing in the Persian Gulf of an Iranian passenger plane by the United States navy. After the Secretary-General had presented specific proposals for a comprehensive political settlement of the Kampuchean problem, all parties and countries concerned agreed to work towards a solution and to examine key substantive issues. The Secretary-General reported that prospects for peace in the region had improved through initiation of the dialogue.
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1989 -- BRICK
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Berlin Wall Falls.
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1990 -- LEG IRONS
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Nelson Mandela Freed
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Welcomes the unconditional release of Nelson Mandela and other political prisoners, but condemns the continuing practice of detentions and imprisonment of political activists by the apartheid régime.
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(dots included at edges to try to format blog text better which tends to automatically eliminate spaces in posting)
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